Motorcycle Exhaust System and Motorcycle Provided with Exhaust System

ABSTRACT

An exhaust system for a motorcycle that inhibits generation of flow noise without diminishing external appearance. The exhaust system has a tail cap and a ring shaped outer cap that is fixed to a rear end edge of a casing. An inner cap is fixed to a rear end wall of the casing and has a tail hole having a size that allows a tail pipe to pass through it with a gap therebetween. A gap s is formed in a boundary region between the inner cap and the outer cap.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC 119 of Japanese patent application nos. 2006-294139, filed on Oct. 30, 2006, which application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an improved exhaust system for a motorcycle having an exhaust pipe that is connected to an exhaust port of an engine, and a muffler that is connected to the exhaust pipe.

2. Description of Related Art

Conventional motorcycle exhaust systems have an exhaust pipe connected to an engine and a muffler connected to the exhaust pipe. Some types of mufflers have a casing that surrounds a tail pipe that is connected to the exhaust pipe, and a tail cap that acts as an exterior part that is fitted to a rear end wall of the casing.

This type of tail cap sometimes has an integrated bottom section, annular section, and expanding section. The bottom section covers the rear end wall of the casing, the annular section covers a rear periphery edge portion of the casing, and the expanding section expands to the rear to connect the annular section and the bottom section. Together, the bottom section, the annular section and the expanding section have a generally recess like shape when viewed in a cross section.

This type of muffler sometimes generates exhaust flow noise due to entry/exit of exhaust gas from the tail pipe caused by exhaust pulsation. In order to inhibit generation of the exhaust flow noise, a structure is sometimes adopted in which the tail pipe passes through a tail hole that is formed in the bottom section of the tail cap, and extends to the rear (for example, refer to JP-A-2001-303925).

In order to improve the muffler external appearance of the muffler, the inventor has investigated a structure in which the tail pipe is positioned such that a rear end surface thereof is generally flush with an opening edge of the tail hole of the tail cap.

However, when the rear end surface of the tail pipe is positioned to be flush with the opening edge of the tail hole of the tail cap, exhaust gas that exits/enters the tail pipe passes through a gap between the tail pipe and the tail hole and is caught within a gap formed between the tail cap and the rear end surface of the tail pipe. The gap acts like a resonance chamber and thus the above-described flow noise is increased.

In order to inhibit generation of such flow noise, a hole may be formed in the tail cap such that exhaust gas caught in the gap can be discharged. However, such a structure diminishes the external appearance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention has been devised in light of these circumstances and provides an exhaust system for a motorcycle that inhibits generation of flow noise without diminishing external appearance.

The invention is an exhaust system for a motorcycle including an exhaust pipe connected to an engine and a muffler connected to the exhaust pipe. The muffler includes a casing, in a rear end section of the muffler, that has a rear end wall and that is formed to surround a rear section of the exhaust pipe, and a tail cap that is disposed to surround an outer side of the rear end wall of the casing. A tail hole is formed in the rear end wall such that a gap is left with respect to an outer diameter of a rear end of the exhaust pipe. The gap between the tail hole and the rear end of the exhaust pipe is in communication with a space formed between the rear end wall and the tail cap, and a passage is formed that communicates the space and an outside space.

According to the exhaust system of the invention, the tail hole is formed in the rear end wall of the casing such that the gap is left with respect to the rear end of the exhaust pipe, the gap is formed to be in communication with the space formed between the rear end wall and the tail cap, and the passage communicates the space and the outside space. As a result, even in the case that exhaust gas that exits/enters from the rear end of the exhaust pipe is trapped in the space formed by the tail cap and the rear end wall of the casing from the gap between the exhaust pipe and the tail hole, the exhaust gas can be exhausted from the passage to the outside space. Accordingly, the space does not form a resonance chamber and it is possible to inhibit the generation of flow noise caused by trapped exhaust gas.

As a result, a rear end surface of the exhaust pipe can be disposed to be generally flush with a tail hole of a tail cap, whereby it is possible to improve the external appearance of the muffler.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, various features of embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side view of a motorcycle that is provided with an exhaust system according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of an engine, to which the exhaust system is connected, mounted to a vehicle body frame.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the exhaust system.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the exhaust system.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of an exhaust gas chamber of the exhaust system.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the exhaust gas chamber.

FIG. 7 is a cross sectional rear view of the exhaust gas chamber.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a muffler of the exhaust system.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the muffler.

FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view of the muffler.

FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of a tail cap of the muffler.

FIG. 12 is a rear view of the tail pipe.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

An embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to the appended drawings.

FIGS. 1-12 illustrate an exhaust system for a motorcycle according to an embodiment of the invention. The terms front and rear, and left and right as used in this description indicate the front and rear and the left and right directions as viewed from a rider seated on a seat.

In the figures, motorcycle 1 includes a twin spar vehicle body frame 2, an engine 3 that is mounted on vehicle body frame 2, and a front wheel 4 and a rear wheel 5 that are disposed at the front and rear of vehicle body frame 2.

Vehicle body frame 2 includes a head pipe 6 that is disposed at the front end of vehicle body frame 2; left and right main frames 2 a that extend diagonally downward toward the rear while expanding outwards to the left and right from head pipe 6; left and right rear frames 2 b that are contiguous with main frames 2 a and that extend and curve downwards; and left and right seat rails 2 c that extend diagonally upward to the rear from rear frames 2 b.

A front fork 7 is turnably supported by head pipe 6 so as to be steered to the left and right. Front wheel 4 is rotatably supported by a lower end section of front fork 7, and a steering handle 8 is fixed to an upper end section of front fork 7.

A front end section of a rear arm 9 is pivotably supported via a pivot shaft 10 at a lower end section of left and right rear frames 2 b so that rear arm 9 can swing upward and downward. Rear wheel 5 is pivotably supported by a rear end section of rear arm 9.

A straddle type main seat 11, and a straddle type tandem seat 12 that is positioned to the rear side of main seat 11, are mounted on left and right seat rails 2 c. A tank cover 13, which is an exterior part, is disposed to the front side of main seat 11.

Engine 3 is a four stroke, four cylinder V-type engine that has left and right front side cylinders and left and right rear side cylinders that are disposed to form V-shaped banks. An engine upper section is supported by and suspended from left and right suspension brackets 15, 15 that are fixed to left and right main frames 2 a. An engine rear wall is supported in a suspended manner by a suspension bracket 15 a fixed to rear frames 2 b.

In engine 3, a crank case 20 that houses a crank shaft 19 is connected to lower mating surfaces of front and rear cylinder blocks 17, 18 that form the V shaped banks. Upper mating surfaces of front and rear cylinder blocks 17, 18 are connected to front and rear cylinder heads 21, 22, and front and rear head covers 23, 24 are attached to front and rear cylinder heads 21, 22.

A transmission case 20 a that houses a change gear mechanism is integrally connected with a rear side of crank case 20. Upper and lower walls of transmission case 20 a are fixed by tightened bolts to rear frames 2 b. Note that, 25 is an engine force output shaft.

An intake system 29 of engine 3 is provided with left and right front side and rear side intake pipes 26, 27, a throttle body, and a shared air cleaner. Left and right front side and rear side intake pipes 26, 27 are connected to a V shaped bank inside wall of front and rear cylinder heads 21, 22 so as to communicate with left and right front and rear intake ports. The throttle body is connected to left and right front side and rear side intake pipes 26, 27, and the shared air cleaner communicates with the throttle body.

The air cleaner is disposed beneath tank cover 13 between left and right main frames 2 a, and left and right front side and rear side intake pipes 26, 27 extend generally perpendicularly upward from the V shape bank inside wall. In addition, left and right intake ducts 14, 14 that supply air to engine 3 are disposed to the left and right sides of tank cover 13. Left and right intake ducts 14 communicate with the air cleaner.

An exhaust system 30 of engine 3 includes four exhaust pipes 31 connected to engine 3, a single exhaust gas chamber 32 connected to exhaust pipe 31, and left and right mufflers 33, 33 connected to exhaust gas chamber 32. More specifically, exhaust system 30 has the following structure.

Exhaust pipe 31 includes left and right lateral exhaust pipes (engine side exhaust pipes) 34, 34, left and right vertical exhaust pipes (engine side exhaust pipes) 35, 35, downstream side exhaust pipes 33 a, 33 a, and tail pipes 51, 51. Left and right lateral exhaust pipes 34, 34 are connected so as to communicate with left and right front exhaust ports that open in a V shaped bank outside wall (front side wall) of front cylinder head 21. Left and right vertical exhaust pipes 35, 35 are connected so as to communicate with left and right rear exhaust ports that open in a V shaped outside wall (rear side wall) of cylinder head 22. Downstream side exhaust pipes 33 a, 33 a are connected to exhaust gas chamber 32, and tail pipes 51, 51 are connected to downstream side exhaust pipes 33 a, 33 a.

Left and right lateral exhaust pipes 34 include a downward slanting section 34 a, a horizontal section 34 b, and a horizontal curved section 34 c. Downward slanting section 34 a protrudes outwards toward the vehicle width direction outer side from cylinder head 21 while extending downwards. Horizontal section 34 b extends generally linearly to the rear from a lower end of slanting section 34 a along a lower side of crank case 20. Horizontal curved section 34 c curves and extends in the vehicle width direction inner side from a rear end of horizontal section 34 b. The pair of left and right horizontal sections 34 b are connected and communicate with each other via a communication pipe 36 that extends in the vehicle width direction.

Left and right vertical exhaust pipes 35 include a vertical curved section 35 a, and a perpendicular section 35 b. Vertical curved section 35 a curves and extends downwards to the rear side of transmission case 20 a from cylinder head 22. Perpendicular section 35 b is contiguous with vertical curved section 35 a and extends downwards in a generally linear manner.

Exhaust gas chamber 32 is disposed between transmission case 20 a of engine 3 and rear wheel 5, and below rear arm 9 including pivot shaft 10. Exhaust gas chamber 32 has a front flange 32 a that protrudes outwards at a front end of exhaust gas chamber 32, and left and right flanges 32 b, 32 b that protrude upwards at left and right side edge sections of an upper wall of exhaust gas chamber 32. Front flange 32 a is attached to crank case 20, and left and right flanges 32 b, 32 b are attached to rear frame 2 b via a bracket.

Exhaust gas chamber 32 includes a chamber body 37, first, second and third expansion chambers a, b and c, a first communicating passage 39, and a second communicating passage 40. Chamber body 37 is a sealed box that is formed by joining respective outer periphery edge sections of an upper member 37 a and a lower member 37 b. First, second and third expansion chambers a, b and c are defined by first and second partition walls 38 a, 38 b and extend in the front-rear direction inside of chamber body 37. First communication passage 39 communicates between first expansion chamber a and second expansion chamber b. Second communicating passage 40 communicates between second expansion chamber b and third expansion chamber c.

Expansion chambers a, b and c are arranged from the front side in the order of first expansion chamber a, third expansion chamber c, second expansion chamber b. When viewed from the flow direction of exhaust gas, second expansion chamber b is positioned between first expansion chamber a to which left and right lateral exhaust pipes 34 and left and right vertical exhaust pipes 35 are connected, and third expansion chamber c to which left and right mufflers 33 are connected.

The volume of first expansion chamber a is larger than the volume of second and the third expansion chambers b, c, and the volume of second expansion chamber b is larger than the volume of third expansion chamber c.

Chamber body 37, when viewed from above, has a generally hexagonal shape, and includes a front end wall 37 c; left and right front slanting walls 37 d, 37 d that extend diagonally rearwards while expanding to the outside from the front end wall 37 c; left and right side walls 37 e, 37 e that extend to the rear from the left and right front slanting walls 37 d; and a rear wall 37 f that extends in the vehicle width direction to connect between respective rear ends of left and right side walls 37 e.

Horizontal curved sections 34 c, 34 c of left and right lateral exhaust pipes 34 are connected to left and right front slanting walls 37 d of chamber body 37 so as to communicate with first expansion chamber a. As a result, exhaust gas flowing through left and right lateral exhaust pipes 34 flows in to first expansion chamber a from the outside in the vehicle width direction toward the inside in the vehicle width direction.

Right lateral exhaust pipe 34 includes an extending section 34 d that is contiguous with horizontal curved section 34 c and extends towards a central portion within first expansion chamber a. Extending section 34 d is positioned so as to open in first expansion chamber a to the rear side of left and right vertical exhaust pipes 35. The opening of extending section 34 d is in a central portion in the vehicle width direction of both exhaust pipes 35.

Perpendicular sections 35 b, 35 b of left and right vertical exhaust pipes 35, 35 are disposed in a line in the vehicle width direction and are connected in the vicinity of front end wall 37 c of chamber body 37 so as to communicate with first expansion chamber a. Accordingly, exhaust gas flowing through left and right vertical exhaust pipes 35 flows within first expansion chamber a from the upper side in the upward-downward direction toward the downward side in the upward-downward direction.

A boss 37 h is formed in a vehicle width direction inside end portion of an upper wall 37 g of chamber body 37 so as to communicate with first expansion chamber a. A detection member 42 a of an oxygen concentration detection sensor 42 is inserted in boss 37 h so as to be positioned within first expansion chamber a. Oxygen concentration detection sensor 42 is surrounded by chamber body 37, left and right rear frames 2 b, pivot shaft 10, and rear arm 9, and is thereby inhibited from being damaged by external forces.

Oxygen concentration detection sensor 42 is disposed at a position inside first expansion chamber a that is away from a merging portion A of left and right lateral exhaust pipes 34 and left and right vertical exhaust pipes 35. More specifically, extending section 34 d is disposed such that exhaust gas is led away from oxygen concentration detection sensor 42. In addition, the structure is configured such that exhaust gas from each exhaust pipe is mixed together, and the mixed gas is brought into contact with detection member 42 a of oxygen concentration detection sensor 42.

First communicating passage 39 passes through first and second partition walls 38 a, 38 b that form third expansion chamber c, and communicates with first expansion chamber a and second expansion chamber b. First communicating passage 39) when viewed from above, is disposed at the opposite side of chamber body 37 from oxygen concentration detection sensor 42, and an exhaust gas inflow port 39 a of first communication passage 39 is disposed in the vicinity of exhaust gas merging portion A of first expansion chamber a.

A catalyst 43 is disposed in first communication passage 39. Catalyst 43 has a honeycomb structure catalyst body 43 b that purifies exhaust gas disposed inside a metal tubular body 43 a that forms communicating passage 39.

Catalyst 43 has an elliptical shape when viewed in a cross section, and is disposed such that the long axis of the elliptical shape extends in the vehicle width direction (refer to FIG. 7).

Second communicating passage 40 passes through second partition wall 38 b and connects second expansion chamber b and third expansion chamber c. Further, second communicating passage 40 is disposed in the vicinity of right side wall 37 e of chamber body 37. Second communicating passage 40 is disposed in alignment with first communication passage 39 to the right side thereof and exhaust gas inflow port 40 a of second communicating passage 40 is disposed at a position that is offset in the vehicle width direction from an exhaust gas outflow port 39 b of first communication passage 39.

Exhaust gas from each cylinder passes along left and right lateral exhaust pipes 34 and left and right vertical exhaust pipes 35, and flows in to first expansion chamber a of exhaust gas chamber 32. The exhaust gas, which merges together in first expansion chamber a, flows in to second expansion chamber b via catalyst 43 of first communication passage 39. The exhaust gas then passes from second expansion chamber b to second communicating passage 40, and flows in to third expansion chamber c. Then, the exhaust gas flows from third expansion chamber c through left and right mufflers 33 and is exhausted to the outside.

A variable passage area valve 45 is disposed in second communicating passage 40 and can adjust the passage area of communicating passage 40.

Variable passage area valve 45 includes a communicating pipe 45 a, a valve shaft 45 b, and a valve plate 45 c. Communicating pipe 45 a has a tubular shape and forms second communicating passage 40. Valve shaft 45 b passes through communicating pipe 45 a in the vehicle width direction, and valve plate 45 c is fixed to valve shaft 45 b so as to be disposed within communicating pipe 45 a.

Valve shaft 45 b extends in the vehicle width direction, and a right end section passes through right side wall 37 e of chamber body 37 and protrudes in the outward direction. A driven pulley 46 is fitted to a protruding portion 45 d of valve shaft 45 b. Driven pulley 46 is connected to a drive pulley 49 that is fitted to a rotating shaft of a drive motor 48 via a cable 47. Drive motor 48 is disposed inside a side cover 50 at the lower side of seat rails 2 c.

Variable passage area valve 45 is controlled to open and close by a controller that detects an engine operation state based on engine speed, engine load and the like. When the engine operation state is in a low speed region, the controller controls variable passage area valve 45 to close, and when the engine operation state is in a middle or high speed region, the controller controls variable passage area valve 45 to open.

Left and right mufflers 33 include muffler bodies 33 b, 33 b that are attachably-detachably connected to downstream side exhaust pipes 33 a, 33 a that are joined to left and right side walls 37 e, 37 e of exhaust gas chamber 32 so as to communicate with third expansion chamber c.

Left and right mufflers 33, as shown in FIG. 1, are disposed further to the front than a vertical line B that passes through a centre x of a rotation shaft 5 a of rear wheel 5. In addition, left and right mufflers 33 are disposed such that respective front-rear direction centres D thereof are positioned in the vicinity of a front edge 5 b of rear wheel 5.

Left and right mufflers 33 extend diagonally upward to the rear from exhaust gas chamber 32, and also protrude toward the outside in the vehicle width direction.

Left and right muffler bodies 33 b have a casing 52 and a tail cap 53. Casing 52 surrounds an outer periphery of tail pipes 51 connected to downstream side exhaust pipes 33 a. Tail cap 53 is attached so as to cover the outer side of a rear end wall 52 a of casing 52.

Tail pipes 51 include: a single main pipe 51 a that is connected and fixed in an attachable-detachable manner to downstream side exhaust pipes 33 a via a fastening member 55; and first and second branch pipes 51 b, 51 c that are contiguous with main pipe 51 a and fork upward and downward while extending to the rear. First and second branch pipes 51 b, 51 c have a slightly smaller diameter than main pipe 51 a.

As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, second branch pipe 51 c to the lower side is linear and has an axis line C2 that extends generally parallel with an axis line C of main pipe 51 a. On the other hand, first branch pipe 51 b to the upper side curves downward toward second branch pipe 51 c side. As a result, the exhaust pipe of first branch pipe 51 b is slightly longer than second branch pipe 51 c.

In addition, first branch pipe 51 b is formed such that a rearward extension line of an axis line C1 thereof intersects with a rearward extension line of axis line C2 of second branch pipe 51 c. Accordingly, when viewed when mufflers 33 are mounted, an exhaust port 51 c′ of second branch pipe 51 c slopes upwards, while an exhaust port 51 b′ of first branch pipe 51 b slopes relatively downwards.

An attachment bracket 52 d is fixed to an upper wall surface of casing 52. Attachment bracket 52 d is attached in an attachable-detachable manner to seat rails 2 c via a stay member and the like.

A front end opening of casing 52 is closed by a front end wall 52 b, and a rear end opening of casing 52 is closed by a rear end wall 52 a. A pair of up-down brackets 52 a′ are fixed to rear end wall 52 a. Each of brackets 52 a′ includes a cap attachment seat 52 f that has a disc like shape when viewed from the vehicle rear direction, and a plurality of legs 52 f that extend from attachment seat 52 f toward rear end wall 52 a. Legs 52 f are fixed by welding to rear end wall 52 a.

Exhaust ports (rear end surfaces) 51 b′, 51 c′ of first and second branch pipes 51 b, 51 c pass through rear end wall 52 a and are disposed to form a generally flush surface with cap attachment seats 52 f, 52 f of brackets 52 a′ and an opening edge f of tail holes 61 c. More specifically, exhaust ports 51 b′, 51 c′ of first and second branch pipes 51 b, 51 c are disposed to be slightly to the upstream side (the front side) than opening edge f of tail holes 61 c, 61 c.

Main pipe 51 a passes through front end wall 52 b to the front, and is joined to front end wall 52 b in an air tight manner. First and second branch pipes 51 b, 51 c pass through rear end wall 52 a to the rear, and are joined to rear end wall 52 a in an air tight manner.

Casing 52 is an elliptically shaped cylinder that is has an elliptical shape when viewed in a cross section, and a cross sectional area that increases from the upstream side to the downstream side when viewed from the exhaust gas flow direction. In addition, mufflers 33 incline diagonally upward to the vehicle rear such that a long axis h of the ellipsis extends generally in the upward-downward direction. Recessed portions 52 e, 52 e that are formed in a concave shape and that extend in the longitudinal direction (the flow direction of the exhaust gas) are provided in an upward-downward direction central portion of inner and outer side walls 52 c, 52 c of casing 52. As a result, casing 52 has a generally gourd like shape in which two circular sections partially overlap when viewed in a cross section.

An exterior cover 57 that covers the outer side of downstream side exhaust pipes 33 a is provided between casing 52 and exhaust gas chamber 32. Exterior cover 57 is contiguous with casing 52 and has a pointed shape that becomes more pointed as exterior cover 57 extends toward the upstream side (the lower side). Exterior cover 57 forms a section of casing 52.

The inside of casing 52 is filled with a sound absorbing material 56, such as glass wool, such that tail pipes 51 are surrounded. A plurality of small holes 51 d are formed around the entire periphery of main pipe 51 a. A portion of the exhaust gas flows in to casing 52 through small holes 51 d, and exhaust noise of the exhaust gas is absorbed by sound absorbing material 56.

Tail cap 53 is constructed by two parts, namely, an outer cap 60 and an inner cap 61. Outer cap 60 has a ring shape that surrounds a rear end edge 52 g of casing 52. Inner cap 61 surrounds rear end wall 52 a of casing 52.

Inner cap 61 includes a cap body 61 a that surrounds rear end wall 52 a of casing 52, and a flange 61 b that protrudes from an outer periphery edge g of cap body 61 a and extends outwards to the rear.

Tail holes 61 c, 61 c, which are provided as an upward and downward pair, are formed in cap body 61 a. Each one of tail holes 61 c has a larger diameter than exhaust ports 51 b′, 51 c′ of first and second branch pipes 51 b, 51 c, and a gap s′ is formed between the outer periphery of branch pipes 51 b, 51 c and tail holes 61 c.

A pair of upward and downward expanding sections 61 d, 61 d that have circular tail pipe-like shape protrude outward to the rear side in cap body 61 a. Tail holes 61 c are formed in a central section of expanding sections 61 d.

Three bolts (fixing members) 63 are positioned at determined distances apart in the circumferential direction in an outer periphery of upward and downward expanding sections 61 d. Inner cap 61 is fixed to brackets 52 a′ by screwing each bolt 63 to a nut 63 a that is fixed to brackets 52 a′. Accordingly, rear end wall 52 a is covered by inner cap 61. In this manner, a disc shaped space e is formed between rear end wall 52 a and tail cap 53 at the rear end section of casing 52.

Outer cap 60 includes a ring shaped section 60 a, an inside slanting section 60 b, and a bent back section 60 c. Ring shaped section 60 a extends along rear end edge 52 g of casing 52. Inside slanting section 60 b extends diagonally to the inside rear from ring shaped section 60 a. Bent back section 60 c curves and extends to the inside from inside slanting section 60 b. Ring shaped section 60 a is fixed to rear end edge 52 g by rivets (fixing members) 64 that are disposed at determined distances apart in the circumferential direction.

Bent back section 60 c bends around from the outside to the inside of an outer periphery edge 61 b′ of flange 61 b of inner cap 61 so as to cover outer periphery edge 61 b′. As a result, a gap s is formed at the boundary region between flange 61 b and bent back section 60 c. Gap s and gap s′ around branch pipes 51 b, 51 c communicate with space e surrounded by rear end wall 52 a of casing 52 and outer cap 60 and inner cap 61. In addition, gap s also communicates with the outside space. Accordingly, gap s forms a passage that extends from space e to the outside space.

According to the exhaust system of the embodiment, first and second branch pipes 51 b, 51 c of tail pipes 51 are disposed such that rear end surfaces 51 b′, 51 c′ thereof are generally flush with opening edge f of tail holes 61 c of cap body 61 a, namely, such that the rear end surfaces are to the inside of tail cap 53. Thus, the external appearance and saleability of mufflers 33 are improved.

Moreover, in the structure in which the rear end surfaces are disposed to the inside of tail cap 53, tail cap 53 has a two piece structure including ring shaped outer cap 60 that is fixed to rear end edge 52 g of casing 52 and inner cap 61 fixed to rear end wall 52 a of casing 52. Accordingly, gap s is formed in the boundary region between inner cap 61 and outer cap 60. If exhaust gas that enters/exits to/from upper and lower first and second branch pipes 51 b, 51 c is trapped inside space e surrounded by tail cap 53 and rear end wall 52 a of casing 52 from gap s′ between branch pipes 51 b, 51 c and tail holes 61 c, the trapped exhaust gas is exhausted from gap (passage) s of the boundary region. Accordingly, space e does not form a resonance chamber, and the generation of flow noise is inhibited.

Moreover, because gap s of tail cap 53 is provided at the boundary region of outer cap 60 and inner cap 61, gap s cannot be seen from the rear of the motorcycle. Accordingly, external appearance is not diminished. In the structure in which gap s is formed, flange 61 b of cap body 61 a is covered by bent back section 60 c of outer cap 60 that bends around from the outside to the inside. Therefore, gap s cannot be seen from the outside, and a structure in which outer cap 60 and inner cap 61 appear to be integrated from the outside is created.

In addition, because tail cap 53 has a two part structure including outer cap 60 and inner cap 61, gap s is ensured and a structure is provided in which gap s is not visible from the outside. Thus, the degree of design freedom is increased.

This embodiment has a structure in which ring shaped section 60 a of outer cap 60 is fixed to rear end edge 52 g of casing 52 by rivet 64, and cap body 61 a of inner cap 61 is fixed to rear end wall 52 a of casing 52 by bolt 63 that is screwed in from the rear side. As a result, tail cap 53 can be attached simply.

In this embodiment, tail pipes 51 include main pipe 51 a connected to exhaust gas chamber 32, and first and second branch pipes 51 b, 51 c that extend from main pipe 51 a that branches upward and downward. Thus, a simple structure is provided that creates an external appearance that the motorcycle has two protruding mufflers when the vehicle is viewed from the rear. Thus, saleability is improved by improving the external appearance of mufflers 33.

Moreover, recessed portions 52 e that are formed in a concave shape extend in the longitudinal direction in the upward-downward direction central portion of outer and inner side walls 52 c, 52 c of the casing 52. Accordingly, an external appearance that the motorcycle has two protruding mufflers when the vehicle is viewed from the side is created, and the external appearance of mufflers 33 is improved.

Because sound absorbing material 56 fills the inside of casing 52 so as to surround tail pipes 51, and the plurality of small holes 51 d are formed in main pipe 51 a, the exhaust pipe length of mufflers 33 is reduced, and exhaust noise is reduced.

In this embodiment, casing 52 is formed to be an elliptically shaped cylinder that expands from the upstream side to the downstream side, and the long axis h of the ellipsis extends generally in the upward-downward direction. Thus, an external appearance that conveys an impression of strength is created that has not been achieved before now.

Because left and right mufflers 33 extend diagonally upward to the rear, and protrude to the outside in the vehicle width direction, an external appearance that conveys an even more powerful impression of strength is created.

Since left and right mufflers 33 are disposed to the front side of vertical line B that passes through rotation shaft 5 a of rear wheel 5, an external appearance that conveys an impression of strength is created that has not been achieved before now. Moreover, the mass is concentrated.

In this embodiment, exhaust pipe 31 connected to engine 3 is connected to first expansion chamber a of exhaust gas chamber 32, and mufflers 33 are connected to third expansion chamber c of exhaust gas chamber 32, and, when viewed from the exhaust gas flow direction, second expansion chamber b is disposed between first expansion chamber a and third expansion chamber c. Accordingly, three expansion chambers are provided without increasing the size of exhaust gas chamber 32, in effect extending exhaust pipe length and improving exhaust gas sound absorbing effect.

This embodiment explains an example in which tail pipes 51 include first and second branch pipes 51 b, 51 c. However, the invention can be applied to a structure in which there is a single tail pipe.

The particular embodiments of the invention described in this document should be considered illustrative, rather than restrictive. Modification to the described embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the following claims. 

1. An exhaust system for a motorcycle comprising: an engine; an exhaust pipe connected to the engine; and a muffler connected to the exhaust pipe, wherein the muffler includes a casing, provided in a rear end section of the muffler, that has a rear end wall and that surrounds a rear section of the exhaust pipe, and a tail cap that surrounds an outer side of the rear end wall of the casing, and a tail hole is formed in the rear end wall such that a gap is left with respect to an outer diameter of a rear end of the exhaust pipe, the gap between the tail hole and the rear end of the exhaust pipe is in communication with a space formed between the rear end wall and the tail cap, and a passage is formed that communicates the space and an outside space.
 2. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust pipe includes an engine side exhaust pipe that is connected to the engine, and a tail pipe that is connected to the engine side exhaust pipe and that is surrounded by the casing.
 3. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 2, wherein the tail cap includes a ring shaped outer cap that is attached to an outer side of the rear end wall of the casing, and an inner cap which is attached to the rear end wall of the casing and in which the tail hole is formed such that a gap is left with respect to the outer diameter of the tail pipe, wherein the passage is the gap formed in a boundary region between the inner cap and the outer cap.
 4. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 3, wherein the tail pipe is formed such that a rear end surface of the tail pipe is generally flush with an opening edge of the tail hole of the inner cap.
 5. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 3, wherein the inner cap includes a cap body that is fixed to the rear end wall of the casing and in which the tail hole is formed, and a flange that protrudes outward to the rear from an outer periphery edge of the cap body, and the outer cap includes a bent back section that bends around from an outer side to an inner side of the flange, and a gap is formed between the bent back section and the flange.
 6. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 3, wherein the outer cap is fixed to a rear end edge of the casing by a fixing member.
 7. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 3, wherein the inner cap is fixed from the rear to the rear end wall of the casing by a fixing member.
 8. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 3, wherein the tail pipe includes a main pipe connected to the engine side exhaust pipe and that extends to the rear, and a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe that are connected to the main pipe and that branch out from the main pipe.
 9. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 8, wherein sound absorbing material is filled in an area between the casing and the tail pipe.
 10. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 9, wherein a hole is formed in the main pipe.
 11. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 1, wherein the casing has an elliptical shape when viewed in a cross section, and is formed such that, when viewed from an exhaust gas flow direction, a cross sectional area of the casing becomes larger as the casing extends from an upstream side to a downstream side thereof.
 12. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 1, wherein an exhaust gas chamber is connected to the exhaust pipe, the exhaust gas chamber is partitioned in to a plurality of expansion chambers, and the muffler is connected to one of the expansion chambers.
 13. The exhaust system for a motorcycle according to claim 12, wherein the exhaust gas chamber includes a first expansion chamber that is connected to the engine side exhaust pipe, a third expansion chamber that is connected to the muffler, and a second expansion chamber that is positioned between the first expansion chamber and the third expansion chamber when viewed from an exhaust gas flow direction.
 14. A motorcycle comprising an engine and an exhaust system connected to the engine, wherein the exhaust system comprises an exhaust pipe connected to the engine and a muffler connected to the exhaust pipe, and the muffler comprises a casing, provided in a rear end section of the muffler, that has a rear end wall and that surrounds a rear section of the exhaust pipe, and a tail cap that surrounds an outer side of the rear end wall of the casing, and a tail hole is formed in the rear end wall such that a gap is left with respect to an outer diameter of a rear end of the exhaust pipe, the gap between the tail hole and the rear end of the exhaust pipe is in communication with a space formed between the rear end wall and the tail cap, and a passage is formed that communicates the space and an outside space.
 15. The motorcycle according to claim 14, wherein the casing is shaped as an ellipsis when viewed in a cross section, and is disposed such that a long axis of the ellipsis extends in a generally upward-downward direction.
 16. The motorcycle according to claim 15, wherein a recessed portion that extends in an exhaust gas flow direction is formed in an upward-downward direction central portion of the casing.
 17. The motorcycle according to claim 14, wherein the muffler is disposed to the front of a vertical line that passes through a rotational centre of a rear wheel.
 18. The motorcycle according to claim 17, wherein the muffler extends diagonally upward toward the rear and protrudes outwards in a vehicle width direction outer side. 